Baton law enforcement WikipediaPolice club redirects here. For the Iraqi football club, see Al Shorta SC. A 1. 96. 8 era Chicago Police helmet and billy club. A baton or truncheon is a club of less than arms length made of wood, rubber, plastic or metal. They are carried for self defense or riot control by law enforcement officers, correctional staff, security industry employees and military personnel. Other uses for truncheons and batons include crowd control or the dispersal of rioters. A truncheon or baton may be used in many ways as a weapon. SAP R3 Technical Consultant Certification Program SAP AG 6 October 1997 2. Training While individual aspects of the R3 Basis system were emphasized in the past. It can be used defensively to block offensively to strike, jab, bludgeon and it can aid in the application of armlocks. The usual striking or bludgeoning action is not produced by a simple and direct hit, as with an ordinary blunt object, but rather by bringing the arm down sharply while allowing the truncheon to pivot nearly freely forward and downward, so moving its tip much faster than its handleeffectively a slingshot or lever action, only without releasing. They have a common role to play, too, in the rescuing of trapped individualsfor instance, people caught in blazing cars or buildingsby smashing windows. Some criminals use batons as weapons because of their easy concealment, other criminals use improvised batons, clubs or similar weapons, such as a weight placed in a sock. The use or carrying of batons or improvised clubs by people other than law enforcement officers is restricted by law in many countries. TerminologyeditOther names for a baton are a truncheon, cosh, billystick, billy club, nightstick, or stick. Historyedit. Early 2. Edinburgh Police Centre Museum. In the Victorian era, police in London carried truncheons about one foot long called billy clubs. According to the Online Etymology Dictionary, this name is first recorded in 1. The meaning policemans club is first recorded 1. The truncheon acted as the policemans Warrant Card as the Royal Crest attached to it indicated the policemans authority. This was always removed when the equipment left official service often with the person who used it. Earlier on the word was used in vulgar Latin basta stick helping walking,1 from bastahold. The Victorian original has since developed into the several varieties available today. Sap Course Material Pdf' title='Sap Course Material Pdf' />Live Project PHP Training Course with Framework like Laravel, Zend, Cake. Crime Reporting System Project In Php. Learn HTML 5. 2, CSS3, JavaScript, Jquery 100 job assistant. Join free Demo Class for PHP. The typical truncheon is a straight stick made from wood or a synthetic material, approximately 1. Truncheons are often ornamented with their organizations coats of arms. Longer truncheons are called riot batons because of their use in riot control. ISO Software Systeme the European market leader for airport billing and ground handling billing systems. The SAP SuccessFactors Employee Central Certified Application Associate Exam How I passed it and how I prepared for it. Disclaimer This roadmap represents SAPs current plan, but subject to change without any prior notification. SAP SE or an SAP affiliate company. Truncheons probably developed as a marriage between the club or military mace and the staff of officesceptrecitation needed. Straight batons of rubber have a softer impact. Some of the kinetic energy bends and compresses the rubber and bounces off when the object is struck. Rubber batons are not very effective when used on the subjects arms or legs, and can still cause injury if the head is struck. That is why most police departments have stopped issuing it. The Russian police standard issue baton is rubber, except in places such as Siberia, where it can be cold enough that the rubber may become brittle and break if struck. Pattern Hatching Pdf Download here. The traffic baton is red to make it more visible as a signaling aid in directing traffic. In Russia traffic batons are striped in black and white for the same reason, and in Sweden they are white. Until the mid 1. British police officers carried traditional wooden truncheons of a sort that had changed little from Victorian times. Since the late 1. Side handled batons were issued for a while, but fell out of favour. In New York, the police used to use two kinds of batons depending on the time. The one for daytime was called a day stick and was 1. Another baton, that was used at night, was 2. The night stick was longer so it could provide extra protection which was thought to be necessary at night. Target areaseditBefore the 1. However, this practice was both unreliable and periodically lethal resistance to cerebral concussion varies widely between individuals, and the difference in force between that required to concuss a suspect into non resistance and that which would fracture their skull tends to be narrow and unpredictable. As such, civil lawsuits and claims of police brutality resulted in revised training for officers. In modern police training, it is not permitted to hit the skull, sternum, spine, or groin unless such an attack is unavoidable and conducted in defence of life. The primary targets now are large nerve clusters, such as the common peroneal nerve in the mid thigh and large, easily targetable muscle groups, such as the quadriceps or biceps. The approved method of swinging the baton has also changed, with the full force bludgeoning strike being proscribed in non life critical circumstances and replaced with a lighter sidearm whipping motion in which only the tip of the baton actually strikes the target. Taken together, these changes are intended to produce compliance via transitory neurapraxia temporary muscle pain, spasm and paralysis due to nerve injury instead of the bone fractures and cerebral concussion which characterized their earlier use. Comparison with other law enforcement weaponseditHand held impact weapons have some advantages over newer less lethal weapons. Batons are less expensive than Tasers to buy or to use, and carry none of the risk of cross contamination of OC aerosol canisters such as pepper spray in confined areas in houses, if police use pepper spray, the officers may get the spray in their eyes accidentally. Tasers and OC canisters have limited ammunition, whereas batons use none. Like Tasers and pepper spray, batons are referred to as less lethal rather than non lethal. These weapons are not designed to be fatal, but they can be. Suspects have died due to allergic reactions to pepper spray, blood clots from baton strikes, fatalities due to being struck on the head by batons, or heart stoppage after being shocked by a Taser. As with all police weapons, there is a risk that a suspect may disarm the officer and use the baton against the officer. DesignseditBatons in common use by police around the world include many different designs, such as fixed length straight batons, blackjacks, fixed length side handle batons, collapsible straight batons, and other more exotic variations. All types have their advantages and disadvantages. The design and popularity of specific types of baton have evolved over the years and are influenced by a variety of factors. These include inherent compromises in the dual and competing goals of control effectiveness and safety for both officer and subject. StraightstickeditA straight, fixed length baton also commonly referred to as a straightstick is the oldest and simplest police baton design, known as far back as ancient Egypt. It consists of little more than a long cylinder with a molded, turned or wrapped grip, usually with a slightly thicker or tapering shaft and rounded tip. They are often made of hardwood, but in modern times are available in other materials such as aluminium, acrylic, and dense plastics and rubber. They range in size from short clubs less than a foot in length to long 3. Straightsticks tend to be heavier and have more weight concentrated in the striking end than other designs. This makes them less maneuverable, but theoretically would deliver more kinetic energy on impact.