Malay Bahasa Melayu About World Languages Selamat datang  Welcome Malay, also known as Bahasa Melayu, is a member of the Malayo Polynesian branch of the Austronesian language family. It is spoken by the native Malay people on both sides of the Straits of Malacca that separate Sumatra from the Malay Peninsula. Since the Malacca Straits have always been a busy sea route, travelers came into contact with the language of the Malay people and spread it throughout the Indonesian islands. As a result, Malay became the lingua franca of the Indonesian archipelago, and eventually the main reason why it was chosen as the national language of the Indonesian Republic in the 2. During the 1. 9th and part of the 2. Malay anguage was exposed to different influences. In the Netherlands East Antilles, the influences came from Dutch and Javanese in the British controlled areas, the influences came from English and local Malay varieties. Google Search or Google Web Search is a web search engine owned by Google Inc. World Wide Web. Google receives several. Cambodias first national coinage was struck in Udon using European dies and machinery. Problems with the 1853 strikings from Ingram dies led to a second series c. Because higher education was available only in Dutch or in English, neither variety of Malay developed its own technical vocabulary. After the independence of Indonesia and Malaysia in the 1. A joint Indonesian Malaysian policy for the creation of such vocabulary was created only in the late 1. As a result, the main differences between Indonesian and Malay are more lexical than grammatical, although there are regional differences in pronunciation as well. Status. Standard Malay is the official language of Malaysia and one of the four official languages of Singapore along with English, Mandarin, and Tamil. Mozilla Firefox Alte Version Kostenlos En on this page. It is also spoken in Indonesia, and Brunei, and is used as a working language in East Timor. It is spoken by 1. Malaysia 2. 00. 4 census with a population total for all countries of 1. Khmer Normal Dot S' title='Khmer Normal Dot S' />Malay as a first language with an additional 3 million second language speakers Ethnologue. Malaysia. In Malaysia, the language is known as Bahasa Melayu or Bahasa Malaysia. Since 1. Standard Malay is the official language of Malaysia. However, the language of wider communication is colloquial Malay Ethnologue. As a vestige of colonization, English is still considered a prestige language among the educated classes. It continues to be used in the majority of institutions of higher education. However, Malay is officially the medium of scientific, administrative, legal and other official matters. Mz2KV_fBg/VJIoDsV674I/AAAAAAAAA2E/NlGLisj8hek/s1600/controlPanel.png' alt='Khmer Normal Dot S' title='Khmer Normal Dot S' />Brunei. Malay and English are the two co official languages of Brunei. Malay is spoken by over half of the population. Casanova there. English is widely used, especially by the Chinese and Indian minorities, because of its importance as the language of international business. Singapore. In Singapore, Malay was historically the lingua franca among people who spoke different languages, but it has been replaced by English. Today, it retains the status of a national language. Singapores population speak Malay. Indonesia. Known as called Bahasa Indonesia, it is spoken by 2. It has become the lingua franca for its numerous ethnic groups who speak a wide variety of languages. In East Timor a province of Indonesia from 1. Bahasa Indonesia is widely spoken, and recognized by its Constitution as a working language. Dialects. Regional variation. Installing Osx 10.4 8. There are two main dialect divisions characterized mainly by differences in pronunciation and, to a lesser extent, by differences in vocabulary The northern dialect, referred to as Malay, is spoken in Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei. The southern dialect is spoken in Indonesia. It is further subdivided into western and eastern varieties which, in turn, have a number of regional dialects. Standard Indonesian is based on the formal variety of the language spoken in Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia. Social registers. The language is characterized by significant differences between formal and informal registers. The formal register is used in public speeches, formal writing, and in educational settings. It is characterized by a significant number of borrowings from Sanskrit, Arabic and other foreign languages. It is referred to as Standard Malay Ethnologue. There are few first language speakers of Standard Malay, most people learn it as a second dialect. The informal register is used in everyday conversations. It is characterized by a significant number of borrowings from local languages. It is referred to as colloquial, or informal, Malay Ethnologue. Structure. Sound system. Vowels. Malay has six vowel phonemes, i. Consonants. The consonant system of Malay is fairly simple. Syllables in native words do not have consonant clusters and typically consist of a Consonant Vowel or Vowel Vowel. Loanwords, on the other hand, frequently contain consonant clusters, e. The table below shows the consonant phonemes of Malay. Consonants in parentheses occur exclusively in borrowed words. English first n in canyon  ng in song. Stress. Stress in Malay does not distinguish word meaning since it regularly falls on the penultimate next to the last syllable in a word. Grammar. Nouns. Nouns are not generally marked for gender, although there are some exceptions in the case of loanwords, e. Sanskrit. If needed, clarifying words such as male or female can be, e. Classifiers may be inserted between numerals and count nouns, et. There are many classifiers, e. Number is not marked, e. If needed, plurality can be expressed lexically by words such as bbrapa some, or smua all, e. Reduplication can also be used to express plurality, e. Demonstrative pronouns can be used to indicate definiteness, e. The numeral satu one is abbreviated to se. It can n be used to express indefinitness, e. Pronouns. The language is rich in pronouns. Personal pronouns are marked for person. Most pronouns are marked for informality and formality. Saya and aku are the two major forms of the first person singular pronoun I. Saya is more formal, whereas aku is used informally with family and friends. There are three common forms of the second person pronoun you anda formal, kamu informal, and kalian all slightly informal plural form like you all. There is an inclusive 1st person plural pronoun, i. In all formal situations, personal names, kinship terms, or titles are used in place of 2nd person pronouns. There are two demonstrative pronouns ini this, these is used with nouns proximal to the speaker, whereas itu that, those is used with nouns that are distant from the speaker. Verbs. Verbs are not marked for person or tense. These categories are inferred from context or expressed by adverbs and other time words. There is a three way aspect distinction between action completed, action begun but not completed, and action not completed. These distinctions are represented by special markers. Voice and transitivity are marked by affixes. Mood is expressed by adverbs or other auxiliary words. Word order. Neutral word order in Malay is Subject Verb Object. However, other word orders are possible, depending on emphasis and style. For instance, words or parts of the sentence that contain the most important, or new information, usually appear in initial position. For example, in the sentence Saya pergi ke pasar kemarin I went to the market yesterday, the focus is on the subject. But in the sentence Ke pasar saya pergi, kemarin To the market I went yesterday, the focus is on where I went yesterday.